Choreographic Three Bodies on the Lemniscate: GIF animation

x(t)=(x(t),y(t))

v(t)=d/dtx(t)=(v_{x}(t),v_{y}(t))

a(t)=d^2/dt^2x(t)=(a_{x}(t),a_{y}(t))

Affine transformed lemniscate (x(t), k^2*y(t)) is similar to the Sim\'{o}'s figure-eight numerical solution for potential energy -1/r_{ij}.

WRONG: But the above figure for the acceleration a(t) shows small but obvious difference between Sim\'{o}'s and ours.
That is, our solution has two small loops near a=( \mp 3(2-sqrt{3})/4,0) = (\mp 0.20096...,0), which correspond to near x=(\pm 1,0).
We believe the Sim\'{o}'s solution has no loops near these points.
Instead of small loop, the Sim\'{o}'s solution has cusp in a(t) plane at these points.

CORRECT: Acceleration curve has two small loops for Figure-Eight under the potential
U= \alpha^{-1} \sum_{i < j} r_{ij}^{\alpha} with \alpha < -1+ \epsilon. Where 0 < \epsilon < 1.
Therefore, there are small loops in the acceleration space for the the Figure-Eight solution under the Newton potential (-1/r_{ij}) or -1/r_{ij}^2 potential. On the other hand, there are no small loops under the \log potential.
The existence of the small loops in the acceleration space means that y \ddot{y} is not always negative. Consider a short time interval after the blue or red mass pass through the X-axes in real space (the left most fig.). The acceleration in Y-direction is negative for this very short time interval. (In other words, y \ddot{y} > 0 in this short time interval.) Then, the acceleration in Y-direction become posuitive as it looks like. ( y \ddot{y} < 0 )
(Corrected 1/29/2004)


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