生物学単位の主な研究業績(2000年以降)
2022.12.28 Update
Chiba,
Y., Tsuchida, K., Maekawa, F., Nakamori, T., Inaoka, H. and Ohki-Hamazaki,
H. (2022). Presence of sibling during the learning phase of imprinting
affects escape behavior from a new object in chicks. Neurosci. Res.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.004
Murakami,
S., Ohki-Hamazaki, H. and Uchiyama, Y. (2022). Olfactory placode
generates a diverse population of neurons expressing GnRH, somatostatin mRNA,
neuropeptide Y, or calbindin in the chick forebrain. J. Comp. Neurol.,
2022;1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.25389.
Iwasaki
M, Yokoi H, Suzuki T, Kawakami K, Wada H
(2020). Development of the anterior lateral line system through local
tissue-tissue interactions in the zebrafish head. Dev. Dyn. 249 : 1440-1454.
DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.225.
和田
浩則 (2020) ゼブラフィッシュ側線器官のパターン形成メカニズム (比較内分泌学 第46巻、第169号
16-18).
Iwasaki
M, Wada H (2019) Regulation of scale
morphogenesis through Wnt/PCP signaling in zebrafish. Cytologia 84:
293-294. DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.84.293
和田
浩則 (分担執筆) 側線器官の働きと形づくりの仕組み
(「生き物と音の辞典」286-287、朝倉書店)(2019)
Nakamori
T, Chiba Y, Fujitani K, Makita A, Okubo T, Hirai
K, Takamatsu N, Ohki-Hamazaki H. (2019) Characteristic expressions of
the natriuretic peptide family in the telencephalon of juvenile chick. Brain
Res, 1708:116-125. DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.007
Tomimatsu, H., Sakata, T., Fukayama, H., Tang,
Y. (2018) Short-term effects of high CO2 accelerate photosynthetic
induction in Populus koreana × trichocarpa with
always-open stomata regardless of phenotypic changes in high CO2
growth conditions. Tree Physiology, 39(3) 474–483. DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy078.
Kitta
R, Yamahama Y, Yamamoto T, Mase K and Sawada H (2018) Molecular
Characterization and Tissue Distribution of Mitochondrial Ca2+-Dependent
Solute Carrier Protein During Prevention of Diapause by HCl Treatment in the
Silkworm, Bombyx mori. Zoological Science, 35:487-493. DOI: 10.2108/zs180041
中村
和生(分担執筆)「人間の生命科学
− 現代社会に生きるための基礎知識」(日本科学協会)(2018)
Yasumoto,
K., Sakata, T., Yasumoto, J., Yasumoto-Hirose, M., Sato, S.,
Mori-Yasumoto, K., Jimbo, M., Kusumi, T., Watabe, S. (2018) Atmospheric CO2
captured by biogenic polyamines as a possible substrate for the carboxylation
reaction of Rubisco. Scientific Reports 8, Article number: 17724.
Iwasaki
M, Kuroda J, Kawakami K, Wada H (2018) Epidermal regulation of bone
morphogenesis through the development and regeneration of osteoblasts in the
zebrafish scale. Dev. Biol. 437: 105-119.
Nishimura
M, Nagashio R, Sato Y, Hasegawa T.(2017) Late
Somatic Gene 2 disrupts parental spheroids cooperatevely with Volvox hatching
enzyme A in Volvox. Planta. 245(1):183-192. doi: 10.1007/s00425-016-2599-y.
Nakamori
T, Kato T, Sakagami H, Tanaka K, Ohki-Hamazaki
H. (2017) Regulation of visual Wulst cell responsiveness by imprinting
causes stimulus-specific activation of rostral cells. Scientific Reports, 7:
42927, DOI: 10.1038/srep42927
坂田
剛 (2016) 若手のキャリア支援に関する意識調査 ―生態学会の特徴と2008年からの変化―
日本生態学会誌
66: 173-180.
Vibulyaseck, S, Luo, Y.,
Fujita, H., Oh-Nishi, A., Ohki-Hamazaki, H. and Sugihara, I. (2015) Compartmentalization
of the chick cerebellar cortex based on the link between the striped expression
pattern of aldolase C and the topographic olivocerebellar projection. J. Comp.
Neurol., 523:1886-1912. DOI: 10.1002/cne.23769.
Sakata T, Nakano T,
Kachi N (2015) Effects of internal conductance and Rubisco on the optimum
temperature for leaf photosynthesis in Fallopia japonica growing at
different altitudes. Ecological Reserach, 30: 163–171. DOI 10.1007/s11284-014-1223-5
Nakamori, T., Sato, K.,
Kinoshita, M., Kanamatsu, T., Sakagami, H., Tanaka, K. and Ohki-Hamazaki, H.
(2014) Positive feedback of NR2B-containing NMDA receptor activity is the
initial step toward visual imprinting: a model for juvenile learning. J.
Neurochem., 132:110-123. DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12954.
Maekawa, F., Tsukahara, S, Kawashima, T., Nohara, K. and Ohki-Hamazaki,
H. (2014) The mechanisms underlying sexual differentiation of behavior and
physiology in mammals and birds: relative contributions of sex steroids and sex
chromosomes. Front. Neurosci., 8 :242. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00242
Kawamura M, Inaoka H, Obata S, Harada S (2014) Why do a
wide variety of animal retain multiple isoforms of cyclooxygenase? Prostaglandins
& Other Lipid Mediators, 109, 14-22.
Okazaki T, Yamazaki K, Iwasaki T, Okano T, Nakamura K,
Fujioka T, Yotsuyanagi H. (2013) α2-HS glycoprotein is an essential component
of cryoglobulin associated with chronic hepatitis C. Clin Chem Lab Med 51(2),
e17-8
Momose-Sato
Y, Nakamori T, Mullah SH, Sato K. (2013) Optical survey of vagus
nerve-related neuronal circuits in the embryonic rat brainstem. Neurosci
Letter, 535:140-145. DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.12.013
Kawamura M, Tada Y, Kadoya Y, Obata S, Harada Y. (2013) Cyclooxygenase-2
expression in stromal fibroblasts self-limits their numbers in lymph node
inflammatory responses. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators, 106: 79-90.
Kamimiya H, Suzuki Y, Kasama T, Kajiwara H, Yamamoto T, Mine T,
Watarai S, Ogura K, Nakamura K, Tsuge J, Kushi Y. Unique gangliosides
synthesized in vitro by sialyltransferases from marine bacteria and their
characterization: ganglioside synthesis by bacterial sialyltransferases.(2013) J
Lipid Res. 54, 571-80. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M026955. Epub 2012 Dec 5.
Yokoyama T, Nakamura S, Horiuchi E, Ishiyama M, Kawashima R, Nakamura
K, Hasegawa K, Yagishita S. (2013) Late onset GM2 gangliosidosis presenting
with motor neuron disease: An autopsy case. Neuropathology. 2013 Dec 20. doi:
10.1111/neup.12088. [Epub ahead of print]
Sasamura, K., Ohki-Hamazaki, H. and Sugihara,
浜崎 浩子、前川文彦 (2013) 正常な性周期の発現には、脳が遺伝的に雌であることが必要である:雌雄のニワトリで脳を入れ替えたキメラの解析から 細胞工学、32, 990-991(秀潤社)
Maekawa, F., Sakurai, M., Yamashita, Y., Tanaka, K., Haraguchi,
S., Yamamoto, K., Tsutsui, K., Yoshioka, H., Murakami, S., Tadano, R., Goto,
T., Shiraishi, J., Tomonari, K.,
Nakamori, T., Maekawa,
F., Sato, K., Tanaka, K. and Ohki-Hamazaki, H. (2013) Neural basis of
imprinting behavior in chicks. Develop. Growth Differ., 55, 198-206.
Yamamoto, T., Mase, K.,
Sawada, H. (2013) Diapause prevention effect of Bombyx mori by dimethyl sulfoxide. PLoS ONE,8 (5), e64124.
Momose-Sato
Y, Nakamori T, Sato K. (2012) Spontaneous depolarization wave in the
mouse embryo: origin and large-scale propagation over the CNS identified with
voltage-sensitive dye imaging. European Journal of Neuroscience,
35(8):1230-1241. DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.07997.x
Momose-Sato
Y, Nakamori T, Sato K. (2012) Pharmacological mechanisms underlying
switching from the large-scale depolarization wave to segregated activity in
the mouse central nervous system. European Journal of Neuroscience, 35(8):1242-1252.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08040.x
浜崎 浩子 (2012) インプリンティング(刷込み記憶)の神経科学 BRAIN and
NERVE, 64, 657-664(医学書院)
Tsubokawa D, Goso Y, Kawashima R, Ota H, Nakamura T, Nakamura K,
Sato N, Kurihara M, Dohi T, Kawamura YI, Ichikawa T, Ishihara K.(2012) The
monoclonal antibody HCM31 specifically recognises the Sd(a) tetrasaccharide in
goblet cell mucin. FEBS Open Bio. 2012 Jul 20;2:223-33. doi:
10.1016/j.fob.2012.07.006. Print 2012.
Kuwada M, Kawashima R, Nakamura K, Hasumi H, Maki J. (2012)
Study of neonatal exposure to estrogenic and androgenic endocrine disruptors by
normal-phase HPLC. Drug Delivery Letters 2, 126-131
Suzuki, K., Maekawa, F., Suzuki, S., Nakamori, T.,
Sugiyama, H., Kanamatsu, T., Tanaka, K. and Ohki-Hamazaki, H. (2012)
Elevated expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor facilitates visual
imprinting in chicks. J. Neurochem., 123, 800-810.
Sawada, H., Yamahama, Y., Yamamoto, T., Togawa, T., Mase, K.
(2012) Developmental Changes in the Localization of Protein Kinase CK2 in Non-Diapause
and Diapause Eggs of the Silkworm, Bombyx
mori. Zoological Science,29, 6-10.
中村和生(分担執筆)(2011)試料分析講座「脂質分析」日本分析化学会編 丸善出版
Momose-Sato
Y, Nakamori T, Sato K. (2011) Functional development of the vagal and
glossopharyngeal nerve-related nuclei in the embryonic rat brainstem: optical
mapping with a voltage-sensitive dye. Neuroscience, 192:781-792. DOI:
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.06.019
Bekku, S.Y., Sakata, T., Tanaka, T., Nakano, T. (2011) Midday
depression of tree root respiration in relation to leaf transpiration. Ecological
Research, 26, 791-799.
小畑秀一(分担執筆)(2010年)「生物学辞典」東京化学同人
Nozaki H, Yanagida M, Koide K, Shiotani K, Kinoshita M, Kobayashi
Y, Watarai S, Nakamura K, Suzuki A, Ariga T, Kushi Y. (2010) Production
and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific to
lactotriaosylceramide. Glycobiology. 20(12):1631-42.
Nakamori, T., Sato,K.,
Atoji, Y., Kanamatsu, T., Tanaka, K. and Ohki-Hamazaki, H. (2010) Demonstration of a
neural circuit critical for imprinting behavior in chicks. J. Neurosci., 30, 4467-4480.
Murakami, S. Ohki-Hamazaki, H., Watanabe, K., Ikenaka, K.
and Ono, K. (2010) Netrin 1 provides a chemoattractive cue for the ventral
migration of GnRH neurons in the chick forebrain. J. Comp. Neurol., 518, 2019-2034.
Takano, K., Obata, S., Komazaki, S., Masumoto, M., Oinuma,
T., Ito, Y., Ariizumi, T., Nakamura, H., Asashima, M. (2010) Development of Ca2+
signaling mechanisms and cell motility in presumptive ectodermal cells during
amphibian gastrulation. (First two authors contributed equally to this work.) Development
Growth & Differentiation, 53, 37-47.
Ozaki, C., Yoshioka, M.,
Tominaga, S.,
Ozaki, C., Obata, S., Yamanaka, H., Tominaga, S., Suzuki,
S. T. (2010) The extracellular domains of E- and N-cadherin determine the
scattered punctate localization
in epithelial cells and the cytoplasmic domain modulate the localization. J.
Biochem. 147, 415-425.
==============================
以下は2009年以前の主な研究業績
==============================
中村和生,松田宗男,森隆夫,八杉悦子,八杉貞雄(2009)「医学・薬学系のための基礎生物学」(講談社サイエンティフィック)
Okazaki T, Nakahashi A, Uchiyama T, Imoto A, Morikawa K, Okano T, Nakamura
K, Takahashi S, Fujioka T. (2009) Composition of cryoglobulin and
cryoprecipitate. Clin Chem Lab Med. 47(9):1161-3.
Hirakawa, H., Sawada, H., Yamahama, Y., Takikawa, S.,
Shintaku, H., Hara, A., Mase, K., Kondo, T. and Iino, T. (2009) Expression
Analysis of the Aldo-Keto Reductases Involved in the Novel Biosynthetic Pathway
of Tetrahydrobiopterin in Human and Mouse Tissues. J. Biochem. 146, 51-60.
Bekku, S.Y., Sakata, T., Nakano, T., Koizumi, H. (2009)
Midday depression in root respiration of Quercus
crispula and Camaecyparis obtusa:
Its implication for estimating carbon cycling in forest ecosystem. Ecological
Reserch 24, 865-871.
別宮(坂田)有紀子,坂田 剛 (2009) 葉っぱと根っこはつながっている:根の呼吸の日中低下現象とその要因, 日本生態学会誌59, 55-63.
Yamamoto, T., Sawada, H.
(2008) In-vitro phosphorylation activity by recombinant alpha and beta subunits
of Bombyx mori casein kinase 2. Zoological
Science 25, 799-805.
Kawashima R, Kojima H, Nakamura K, Arahata A, Fujita Y,
Tokuyama Y, Saito T, Furudate S, Kurihara T, Yagishita S, Kitamura K, Tamai Y. (2007) Alterations in mRNA
expression of myelin proteins in the sciatic nerves and brains of
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Neurochem Res. 32(6):1002-10.
Fujita T, Nakamura K, Yamazaki A, Ozaki M, Sahashi K,
Shichijo K, Nomura K, Maeda M, Nakamura T, Fujita T, Yokota S, Kuroyama S,
Kumagai Y, Majima M, Ohtani Y. (2007) Effect of L-phenylalanine supplementation
and a high-protein diet on pharmacokinetics of cefdinir in healthy volunteers:
an exploratory study. J Clin Pharm Ther. 32(3):277-85.
Takano, K., Ito, Y., Obata, S., Oinuma, T., Komazaki, S.,
Nakamura, H., Asashima, M. (2007) Heart formation and left-right asymmetry in
separated right and left embryos of a newt. International Journal of Developmental Biology 51,
265-272.
Yoshida, K., Obata, S., Ono, M., Esaki, M., Maejima, T.,
Sawada, H. (2007) TPA-induced multinucleation of a mesenchymal stem cell-like
clone is mediated primarily by karyokinesis without cytokinesis, although
cell-cell fusion also occurs. European Journal of Cell Biology 86, 461-171.
Sakata, T., Kachi, N. Yokoi,
Y. (2007) Quantitative evaluation of the counterbalance between photosynthetic
stimulation and depression caused by low partial pressure of O2 and
CO2 in alpine atmospheres. Polar Science 1, 55-62.
Kuwada M, Kawashima R, Nakamura K, Kojima H, Hasumi H, Maki
J. (2006) Study of neonatal exposure to androgenic endocrine disruptors,
testosterone and dihydrotestosterone by normal-phase HPLC. Biomed Chromatogr.
20(11):1237-41.
Sawada, H., Yamahama, Y., Yamamoto, T., Mase, K., Ogawa,
H., Iino, T. (2006) A novel RNA helicase-like protein during early embryonic
development in silkworm Bombyx mori: Molecular characterization and
intracellular localization. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 36,
911-920.
Kato, T., Sawada,
H., Yamamoto, T., Mase, K., Nakagoshi, M. (2006) Pigment pattern
formation in the quail mutant of the silkworm, Bombyx mori: parallel increase of pteridine biosynthesis and
pigmentation of melanin and ommochromes. Pigment Cell Res. 19, 337-345.
Ito, Y., Oinuma, T., Takano, K., Komazaki, S., Obata, S.,
Asashima, M. (2006) CyNodal, the
Japanese newt nodal-related gene, is
expressed in the left side of the lateral plate mesoderm and diencephalon. Gene
Expression Patterns 6, 294-298.
Sakata,
T., Nakano, T., Iino, T., Yokoi, Y. (2006) Contrastive seasonal
changes in eco-physiological traits of leaves of two perennial Polygonaceae
herb species differing in leaf longevity and altitudinal distribution.
Ecological Research 21, 633-640.
Sakata, T., Nakano, T.,
Yokoi, Y. (2006) Altitudinal changes in Rubisco and APX activities in Aconogonum
weyrichii in the alpine region of
小畑 秀一,駒崎 伸二 (2005) 貧乏・ひま無し、だから始めるデジタルタイムラプス撮影入門 〜眠っている透過型光学顕微鏡を安価でデジタルタイムラプス実体顕微鏡として蘇らせる〜.
顕微鏡(Microscopy), 40 (Suppl. 1), 93-98.
Yanagisawa,
M., Taga, T., Nakamura, K., Ariga, T. and Yu, R.K. (2005)
Characterization of glycoconjugate antigens in mouse embryonic neural precursor
cells. J.Neurochem. 95, 1311-1320.
Yanagisawa, M., Nakamura, K., Taga, T. (2005) Glycosphingolipid
synthesis inhibitor represses cytokine-induced activation of the Ras-MAPK
pathway in embryonic neural precursor cells. J. Biochem. 138, 285-291.
Yamamoto, T., Kanekatsu, M., Nakagoshi, M., Kato,
T., Mase, K., Sawada, H. (2005) Casein kinase 2 during early embryonic
development in silkworm Bombyx mori: cDNA sequence, gene expression, and enzyme
activity. DNA Sequence 16, 446-55.
Sawada, H.,
Shimura, N., Takikawa, S. and Iino, T. (2005) Possibility of the
Nonenzymatic Conversion of 6-(1’-Oxo-2’-hydroxypropyl)- Tetrahydropterin to Sepiapterin.
Pteridines 16, 11-14.
小畑 秀一 (2004) 2003年度ノーベル化学賞,−水やイオンの通路として細胞膜中に存在する「チャネル」の研究に−.生物の科学 遺伝,58: 31-32.
中村 和生(分担執筆)油化学辞典 ― 脂質・界面活性剤(日本油化学会編), 丸善, 東京, 2004.
Yanagisawa,
M., Nakamura, K. and Taga,T. (2004) Roles of lipid rafts in
integrin-dependent adhesion and gp130 signalling pathway in mouse embryonic
neural precursor cells. Genes Cells. 9, 801-809.
Kobayashi, K.
and Yokoi, Y. (2003)
Shoot population dynamics of persisting clones of Miscanthus sinensis in
the warm-temperate region of
Iino, T., Tabata, M., Takikawa, S., Sawada
H., Shintaku, H., Ishikura, S., Hara, A. (2003.) Tetrahydrobiopterin is
synthesized from 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin by the human aldo-keto reductase
AKR1 family members. Archives of
Biochemistry and Biophysics 416, 180-187.
Kobayashi, K. and Yokoi, Y. (2003) Spatiotemporal patterns of shoots
within an isolated Miscanthus sinensis patch in the warm-temperate
region of
Sawada, H., Nakato, H.,
Togawa, T., Nakagoshi, M., Takikawa, S., Dohke, K., Iino,
T., Mase, K., Yamamoto, T., Izumi S. (2003) Molecular cloning and
characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel cuticle protein in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,
Part B 134, 519-527.
横井
洋太(分担執筆)(2003) 生態学事典(巖佐 庸、松本 忠夫、菊沢 喜八郎 日本生態学会 編集)共立出版株式会社.
小畑 秀一,澤田 元 (2002) 細胞外力学環境(「足場」の硬さ)により制御される細胞接着・細胞骨格・細胞分裂.Space Utilization Research, 18: 33-39.
Iriko, H., Nakamura, K., Kojima,
H., Iida-Tanaka,N., Kasama, T., Kawakami, Y., Ishizuka,I., Uchida, A., Murata,
Y. and Tamai, Y. (2002) Chemical structures and immunolocalization of
glycosphingolipids isolated from Diphyllobothrium
hottai adult worms and plerocercoids. Eur. J. Biochem. 269, 3549-3559.
Sakata, T. and Yokoi, Y. (2002) Analysis of
the O2 dependency in leaf-level photosynthesis of two Reynoutria
japonica populations growing at different altitudes. Plant, Cell and Environment 25, 65-74.
Sawada, H., Nakagoshi, M.,
Yamamoto, T., Kato, T., Mase, K., Yamamoto, T., Izumi, S. (2002) Purification
and characterization of an ommin-binding protein from an acid-methanol extract
of diapause eggs of the silkworm, Bombyx
mori. Journal of Insect
Biotechnology and Sericology 71, 103-108.
Sawada, H., Nakagoshi, M.,
Reinhardt, R. K., Ziegler,
中村 和生(分担執筆)基礎生化学実験法 第5巻, 脂質・糖質・複合糖質,(日本生化学会編), 東京化学同人, 東京, 2001.
Oguchi, A., Aida (Kato), T., Koda, A.,
Shioda, S., Nakajo, S., Kobayashi, T., Tanaka, S., Yamamoto, K., Kikuyama, S.
(2001) Cosecretion of prolactin and growth hormone by dispersed pituitary cells
of the adult bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana Gen.
Comp. Endocrinol. 122, 10-16.
Nakamura, K., Kasama, T.,
Kojima, H., Kawashima, R. and Tamai, Y. (2001) LSIMS and MALDI-TOF/MS analysis
of ganglioside N-Methylamides. Advances in Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 15, pp.561-562,
(Ed. by E. Gelpi),
Nakagoshi,
M., Kondo, R., Sawada, H., Takikawa,
S. and Yoshida, A. (2001) Pteridines and pigment granules of wing scales
concerned with sexual difference in wing’s capability reflecting near-UV rays
in the Japanese cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae crucivora. In: Chemistry and Biology of
Pteridines and Folates (Milstien, S., et al., eds), Kluwer Academic Press,
229-234.
Kobayashi, K. and Yokoi, Y. (2001) Decreasing shoot
density of isolated Miscanthus sinensis patches in the warm-temperate
region of
中越 元子,澤田
博司 (2001) 第13章:昆虫の色素細胞と色素形成,松本二郎,溝口昌子(編),色素細胞:東京 慶応義塾大学出版会 p.177-192.
中村 和生(分担執筆)(2000)基礎生化学実験法 第5巻 脂質・糖質・複合糖質 東京化学同人
Iwasa, T., Yanai, T., Nakagawa, N., Kikkawa, S., Obata, S.,
Usukura, J., Tsuda, M. (2000) G protein α subunit genes in octopus photoreceptor
cells. Zool. Sci., 17: 711-716.
小畑 秀一 (2000) 容積調節現象におけるシグナル伝達初期過程.生体の科学,51: 536-542.
Qi, Z., Murase, K., Obata, S., Sokabe, M. (2000) Extracellular
ATP-dependent activation of plasma membrane Ca2+ pump in HEK-293 cells.
British J. Pharmacology, 131: 370-374.
Nakamura, K., Kojima, H.,
Suzuki,M., Suzuki, A. and Tamai, Y. (2000) Novel Polysialogangliosides of Skate
Brain:Structural determination of
tetra-, penta- and hexasialogangliosides with a NeuAc-GalNAc linkage. Eur. J.
Biochem. 267, 5198-5208.
Iino, T., Takikawa, S., Yamamoto, T.,
Sawada, H. (2000) The enzyme that synthesizes tetrahydrobiopterin from
6-pyruvoyle-tetrahydrobiopterin in the lemon mutant silkworm consists of two
carbonyl reductases. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 373, 442-446.
Sawada, H., Nakagoshi, M.,
Mase, K., Yamamoto, T. (2000) Occurrence of ommochrome-containing
pigment granules in the central nervous system of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Comparative Biochemistry
and Physiology Part B 125, 421-428.